Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Following Administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Successfully Treated with Acitretin and Dupilumab

Abstract

Introduction: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an inflammatory eruption of unknown origin; rare cases of COVID-19 vaccine-induced PRP have been reported. Here, we present a case of COVID-19 vaccine-induced pityriasis rubra pilaris inadequately managed with acitretin, successfully treated with the IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor dupilumab.

Case Report: A 76-year-old male presented to an outpatient dermatology clinic with a 2-month history of a profoundly pruritic worsening rash characterized by large, orange-salmon-colored follicular papules with scale coalescing into plaques covering approximately 80% of the body surface area. The plaques had well-defined borders and multiple islands of sparing characteristic of PRP. Multiple therapies were trialed with no improvement, including oral prednisone, mycophenolate, topical corticosteroids, antiparasitics, antifungals, doxepin, and UVB treatments. A trial of oral acitretin resulted in improvement of the skin plaques and keratoderma, but the patient remained uncontrollably pruritic. Dupilumab was initiated which provided rapid relief, and the patient has remained clear for several months.

Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of dupilumab’s potential for effective treatment of PRP with recalcitrant pruritus.