Psoriasis and Obesity: A Review of the Current Literature
Main Article Content
Keywords
Psoriasis, Obesity
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition that has well-documented associations with heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. In addition to these conditions, there is growing evidence that the inflammatory cytokines produced in obesity may play contributory roles in other inflammatory phenomena. Notably, numerous studies over the last several decades have shed light on the genetic, mechanistic, and epidemiologic links between obesity and psoriasis, with implications for the treatment of these patients. This article reviews the current literature regarding the relationship of obesity and psoriasis, with exploration of their common mechanistic etiology and the necessary considerations in the management, both pharmacological and otherwise, of this patient population.
References
Lebwohl MG, Bachelez H, Barker J, et al. Patient perspective in management of psoriasis: results from the population-based Multinational Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Survey. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 May;70(5):871-81
Kaushik SB, Lebwohl MG. CME Part I Psoriasis: Which Therapy for Which Patient Psoriasis comorbidities and preferred systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018. pii: S0190-9622(18)32215-1.
Lindegard B. Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes. Dermatologica. 1986;172:298-304.
Henseler T, Christophers E. Disease concomitance in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;32:982-986.
Naldi L, Chatenoud L, Linder D, et al. Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and stressful life events as risk factors for psoriasis: results from an Italian case-control study. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125:61-67.
Neimann AL, Shin DB, Wang X, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:829-835.
Sommer DM, Jenisch S, Suchan M, et al. Increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2006;298:321-328.
Murray ML, Bergstresser PR, Adams-Huet B, et al. Relationship of psoriasis severity to obesity using same-gender siblings as controls for obesity. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34:140-144.
Herron MD, Hinckley M, Hoffman MS, et al. Impact of obesity and smoking on psoriasis presentation and management. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:1527-1534.
Duarte GV, Silva LP. Correlation between psoriasis' severity and waist-to-height ratio. An Bras Dermatol. 2014;89(5):846-847.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html. Accessed May 25, 2018.
Zamboni S, Zanetti G, Grosso, et al. Dietary behaviour in psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1989;146:182-183.
Mallbris L, Granath F, Hamsten A, et al. Psoriasis is associated with lipid abnormalities at the onset of skin disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:614-621.
Setty AR, Curhan G, Choi HK. Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women: Nurses Health Study II. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1670-1675.
Snekvik I, Smith CH, Nilsen TIL, et al. Obesity, Waist Circumference, Weight Change, and Risk of Incident Psoriasis: Prospective Data from the HUNT Study. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(12):2484-2490.
Zaba LC, Cardinale I, Gilleaudeau P, et al. Amelioration of epidermal hyperplasia by TNF inhibition is associated with reduced Th17 responses. J Exp Med. 2007; 204(13):3183-3194
Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1993;259:87-91 .
Kern PA, Saghizadeh M, Ong JM, et al. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2111-2119.
Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, et al. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2409-2415.
Lord GM, Matarese G, Howard JK, et al. Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression. Nature. 1998;394: 897-901.
Kirchgessner TG, Uysal KT, Wiesbrock SM, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:2777-2782.
Zhu K-J, Zhang C, Li M, et al. Leptin levels in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013;38:478-483.
Chen YJ, Wu CY, Shen JL, et al. Psoriasis independently associated with hyperleptinemia contributing to metabolic syndrome. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1571-1575 .
Cerman AA, Bozkurt S, Sav A, et al. Serum leptin levels, skin leptin and leptin receptor expression in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159 (4):820-826.
Filkova M, Haluzík M, Gay S. The role of resistin as a regulator of in ammation: Implications for various human pathologies. Clin Immunol. 2009;133(2):157-170.
Takahashi H, Tsuji H, Honma M, et al. Increased plasma resistin and decreased omentin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2013;305 (2):113-116.
Fantuzzi G. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115:911-919
Takahashi H, Tsuji H, Takahashi I, et al. Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(5):1207-1208.
Simons RD. Additional studies on psoriasis in the tropics and in starvation camps. J Invest Dermatol. 1949;12:285-294.
Rucevic I, Perl A, Barisic-Drusko V, et al. The role of the low energy diet in psoriasis vulgaris treatment. Coll Antropol.2003;27(Suppl. 1):41-48.
Jensen P, Zachariae C, Christensen R, et al. Effect of weight loss on the severity of psoriasis: a randomized clinical study. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:795–801.
Naldi L, Conti A, Cazzaniga S, et al. Diet and physical exercise in psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170:634-642.
Upala S, Sanguankeo A. Effect of lifestyle weight loss intervention on disease severity in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2015;39:1197-1202.
Al-Mutairi N, Nour T. The effect of weight reduction on treatment outcomes in obese patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy: a randomized controlled prospective trial. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014; 14:749-756.
Naldi L, Addis A, Chimenti S, et al. Impact of body mass index and obesity on clinical response to systemic treatment for psoriasis. Dermatology. 2008;217:365-373
Gisondi P, Del Giglio M, Di Francesco V. Weight loss improves the response of obese patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis to low-dose cyclosporine therapy: a randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1242-1247.
Bardazzi F, Balestri R, Baldi E, et al. Correlation between BMI and PASI in patients affected by moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing biological therapy. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23(Suppl 1):S14–S19.
Porres JM. Jejunoileal bypass and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1977;113:983.
de Menezes Ettinger JE, Azaro E, de Souza CA, et al. Remission of psoriasis after open gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2006;16:94-97.
Higa-Sansone G, Szomstein S, Soto F, et al. Psoriasis remission after laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2004;14:1132-1134.
Hossler EW, Maroon MS, Mowad CM. Gastric bypass surgery improves psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:198-200.
Odorici G, Conti A. Psoriasis improvement after gastric bandage in a patient partial responder to infliximab. Dermatol Ther. 2018;31(2):e12584.
Yildiz BD. Rapid Remission of Psoriasis After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Indian J Surg. 2016 Feb;78(1):60-2.
Farias MM, Achurra P, Boza C, et al. Psoriasis following bariatric surgery: clinical evolution and impact on quality of life on 10 patients. Obes Surg. 2012;22(6):877-880.
Hossler EW, Wood GC, Still CD. The effect of weight loss surgery on the severity of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:660-661.
Faurschou A, Zachariae C, Skov L, et al. Gastric bypass surgery: improving psoriasis through a GLP-1-dependent mechanism? Med Hypotheses. 2011;77:1098-1101.
Buysschaert M, Tennstedt D, Preumont V. Improvement of psoriasis during exenatide treatment in a patient with diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2012;38:86-88.
Faurschou A, Knop FK, Thyssen JP, et al. Improvement in psoriasis after treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide. Acta Diabetol. 2014;51:147-150.
Zackheim HS, Farber EM. Rapid weight reduction and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1971;103:136-40.
Nowlin N, Solomon H. Weight loss and psoriasis [letter]. Arch Dermatol. 1976;112:1465.
Perez-Perez L, Allegue F, Caeiro JL, et al. Severe psoriasis, morbid obesity and bariatric surgery. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34:e421-422.
Del Giglio M, Gisondi P, Tessari G, et al. Weight reduction alone may not be sufficient to maintain disease remission in obese patients with psoriasis: a randomized, investigator-blinded study. Dermatology. 2012; 224:31-37.
Bremmer S, Van Voorhees AS, Hsu S, et al. Obesity and psoriasis: from the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(6):1058-69.
Langman G, Hall PM, Todd G. Role of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in methotrexate-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;16:1395-1401.
Berends MA, Snoek J, de Jong EM, et al. Liver injury in long-term methotrexate treatment in psoriasis is relatively infrequent. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:805-811.
Weinstein G, Roenigk H, Maibach H, et al. Psoriasis-liver-methotrexate interactions. Arch Dermatol. 1973;108:36-42.
Shibata N, Hayakawa T, Hoshino N, et al. Effect of obesity on cyclosporine trough concentrations in psoriasis patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1998;55: 1598-1602.
Maza A, Montaudié H, Sbidian E, et al. Oral cyclosporin in psoriasis: a systematic review on treatment modalities, risk of kidney toxicity and evidence for use in non-plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25:19-27.
Thaci D, Bräutigam M, Kaufmann R, et al Bodyweight-independent dosing of cyclosporine micro-emulsion and three times weekly maintenance regimen in severe psoriasis. A randomised study. Dermatology. 2002;205:383-388.
Wakkee M, Thio HB, Prens EP, et al. Unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles in untreated and treated psoriasis patients. Atherosclerosis. 2007;190:1-9.
Reich K, Gottlieb AB, Kimball A, et al. Consistency of infliximab response across subgroups of patients with psoriasis: integrated results from randomized clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(Suppl 1):AB215.
Weisman MH, Moreland LW, Furst DE, et al. Efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and safety assessment of adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody, in adults with rheumatoid arthritis receiving concomitant methotrexate: a pilot study. Clin Ther. 2003;25:1700-1721.
Papoutsaki M, Chimenti MS, Costanzo A, et al. Adalimumab for severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: an open-label study in 30 patients previously treated with other biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:269-275.
Kragballe K, Sygehus A, Thaci D, et al. Adalimumab plus topical treatment (calcipotriol/betamethasone) in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: response across subgroups in BELIEVE. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(Suppl 1):AB133.
Gordon K, Korman N, Frankel E, et al. Efficacy of etanercept in an integrated multistudy database of patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:S101-111.
Strober B, Gottlieb A, Leonardi C, et al. Levels of response of psoriasis patients with different baseline characteristics treated with etanercept. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(3, Suppl. 1):AB220.
Saurat JH, Unnebrik K, Golblum O, et al. Adalimumab response is consistent across subgroups of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: subanalysis of the CHAMPION study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:AB124.
Esposito M, Mazzotta A, Saraceno R, et al. Influence and variation of the body mass index in patients treated with etanercept for plaque-type psoriasis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009;22:219-225.
De Groot M, Appelman M, Spuls PL, et al. In- tial experience with routine administration of etanercept in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:808-814.
Duarte AA. Moderate to severe psoriasis treated with infliximab-53 patients: patients profile, efficacy and adverse effects. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86:257-263.
Gisondi P, Cotena C, Tessari G, et al. Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy increases body weight in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22:341-344.
Saraceno R, Schipani C, Mazzotta A, et al. Effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies on body mass index in patients with psoriasis. Pharmacol Res. 2008;57:290-295.
Paul C, Cather J, Gooderham M, et al. Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis over 52 weeks: a phase III, randomized con- trolled trial (ESTEEM 2). Br J Dermatol. 2015;173:1387-1399.
Lebwohl M, Yeilding N, Szapary P, et al. Impact of weight on the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: rationale for dosing recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63:571-579.
Martin DA, Towne JE, Kricorian G. The emerging role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: preclinical and clinical findings. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(1):17-26.
Papp KA, Langley RG, Sigurgeirsson B, et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II dose-ranging study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(2):412-421.
Reich K, Puig L, Mallbris L, et al. The effect of bodyweight on the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab: results from an integrated database of three randomised, controlled Phase 3 studies of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(7):1196-1207.
Papp KA, Reich K, Paul C, et al. A prospective phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175(2):273-286.
Kaushik SB, Lebwohl MG. CME Part I Psoriasis: Which Therapy for Which Patient Psoriasis comorbidities and preferred systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018. pii: S0190-9622(18)32215-1.
Lindegard B. Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes. Dermatologica. 1986;172:298-304.
Henseler T, Christophers E. Disease concomitance in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;32:982-986.
Naldi L, Chatenoud L, Linder D, et al. Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and stressful life events as risk factors for psoriasis: results from an Italian case-control study. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125:61-67.
Neimann AL, Shin DB, Wang X, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:829-835.
Sommer DM, Jenisch S, Suchan M, et al. Increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2006;298:321-328.
Murray ML, Bergstresser PR, Adams-Huet B, et al. Relationship of psoriasis severity to obesity using same-gender siblings as controls for obesity. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34:140-144.
Herron MD, Hinckley M, Hoffman MS, et al. Impact of obesity and smoking on psoriasis presentation and management. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:1527-1534.
Duarte GV, Silva LP. Correlation between psoriasis' severity and waist-to-height ratio. An Bras Dermatol. 2014;89(5):846-847.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html. Accessed May 25, 2018.
Zamboni S, Zanetti G, Grosso, et al. Dietary behaviour in psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1989;146:182-183.
Mallbris L, Granath F, Hamsten A, et al. Psoriasis is associated with lipid abnormalities at the onset of skin disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:614-621.
Setty AR, Curhan G, Choi HK. Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women: Nurses Health Study II. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1670-1675.
Snekvik I, Smith CH, Nilsen TIL, et al. Obesity, Waist Circumference, Weight Change, and Risk of Incident Psoriasis: Prospective Data from the HUNT Study. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(12):2484-2490.
Zaba LC, Cardinale I, Gilleaudeau P, et al. Amelioration of epidermal hyperplasia by TNF inhibition is associated with reduced Th17 responses. J Exp Med. 2007; 204(13):3183-3194
Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1993;259:87-91 .
Kern PA, Saghizadeh M, Ong JM, et al. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2111-2119.
Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, et al. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2409-2415.
Lord GM, Matarese G, Howard JK, et al. Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression. Nature. 1998;394: 897-901.
Kirchgessner TG, Uysal KT, Wiesbrock SM, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:2777-2782.
Zhu K-J, Zhang C, Li M, et al. Leptin levels in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013;38:478-483.
Chen YJ, Wu CY, Shen JL, et al. Psoriasis independently associated with hyperleptinemia contributing to metabolic syndrome. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1571-1575 .
Cerman AA, Bozkurt S, Sav A, et al. Serum leptin levels, skin leptin and leptin receptor expression in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159 (4):820-826.
Filkova M, Haluzík M, Gay S. The role of resistin as a regulator of in ammation: Implications for various human pathologies. Clin Immunol. 2009;133(2):157-170.
Takahashi H, Tsuji H, Honma M, et al. Increased plasma resistin and decreased omentin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2013;305 (2):113-116.
Fantuzzi G. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115:911-919
Takahashi H, Tsuji H, Takahashi I, et al. Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(5):1207-1208.
Simons RD. Additional studies on psoriasis in the tropics and in starvation camps. J Invest Dermatol. 1949;12:285-294.
Rucevic I, Perl A, Barisic-Drusko V, et al. The role of the low energy diet in psoriasis vulgaris treatment. Coll Antropol.2003;27(Suppl. 1):41-48.
Jensen P, Zachariae C, Christensen R, et al. Effect of weight loss on the severity of psoriasis: a randomized clinical study. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:795–801.
Naldi L, Conti A, Cazzaniga S, et al. Diet and physical exercise in psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170:634-642.
Upala S, Sanguankeo A. Effect of lifestyle weight loss intervention on disease severity in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2015;39:1197-1202.
Al-Mutairi N, Nour T. The effect of weight reduction on treatment outcomes in obese patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy: a randomized controlled prospective trial. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014; 14:749-756.
Naldi L, Addis A, Chimenti S, et al. Impact of body mass index and obesity on clinical response to systemic treatment for psoriasis. Dermatology. 2008;217:365-373
Gisondi P, Del Giglio M, Di Francesco V. Weight loss improves the response of obese patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis to low-dose cyclosporine therapy: a randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1242-1247.
Bardazzi F, Balestri R, Baldi E, et al. Correlation between BMI and PASI in patients affected by moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing biological therapy. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23(Suppl 1):S14–S19.
Porres JM. Jejunoileal bypass and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1977;113:983.
de Menezes Ettinger JE, Azaro E, de Souza CA, et al. Remission of psoriasis after open gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2006;16:94-97.
Higa-Sansone G, Szomstein S, Soto F, et al. Psoriasis remission after laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2004;14:1132-1134.
Hossler EW, Maroon MS, Mowad CM. Gastric bypass surgery improves psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:198-200.
Odorici G, Conti A. Psoriasis improvement after gastric bandage in a patient partial responder to infliximab. Dermatol Ther. 2018;31(2):e12584.
Yildiz BD. Rapid Remission of Psoriasis After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Indian J Surg. 2016 Feb;78(1):60-2.
Farias MM, Achurra P, Boza C, et al. Psoriasis following bariatric surgery: clinical evolution and impact on quality of life on 10 patients. Obes Surg. 2012;22(6):877-880.
Hossler EW, Wood GC, Still CD. The effect of weight loss surgery on the severity of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:660-661.
Faurschou A, Zachariae C, Skov L, et al. Gastric bypass surgery: improving psoriasis through a GLP-1-dependent mechanism? Med Hypotheses. 2011;77:1098-1101.
Buysschaert M, Tennstedt D, Preumont V. Improvement of psoriasis during exenatide treatment in a patient with diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2012;38:86-88.
Faurschou A, Knop FK, Thyssen JP, et al. Improvement in psoriasis after treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide. Acta Diabetol. 2014;51:147-150.
Zackheim HS, Farber EM. Rapid weight reduction and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1971;103:136-40.
Nowlin N, Solomon H. Weight loss and psoriasis [letter]. Arch Dermatol. 1976;112:1465.
Perez-Perez L, Allegue F, Caeiro JL, et al. Severe psoriasis, morbid obesity and bariatric surgery. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34:e421-422.
Del Giglio M, Gisondi P, Tessari G, et al. Weight reduction alone may not be sufficient to maintain disease remission in obese patients with psoriasis: a randomized, investigator-blinded study. Dermatology. 2012; 224:31-37.
Bremmer S, Van Voorhees AS, Hsu S, et al. Obesity and psoriasis: from the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(6):1058-69.
Langman G, Hall PM, Todd G. Role of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in methotrexate-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;16:1395-1401.
Berends MA, Snoek J, de Jong EM, et al. Liver injury in long-term methotrexate treatment in psoriasis is relatively infrequent. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:805-811.
Weinstein G, Roenigk H, Maibach H, et al. Psoriasis-liver-methotrexate interactions. Arch Dermatol. 1973;108:36-42.
Shibata N, Hayakawa T, Hoshino N, et al. Effect of obesity on cyclosporine trough concentrations in psoriasis patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1998;55: 1598-1602.
Maza A, Montaudié H, Sbidian E, et al. Oral cyclosporin in psoriasis: a systematic review on treatment modalities, risk of kidney toxicity and evidence for use in non-plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25:19-27.
Thaci D, Bräutigam M, Kaufmann R, et al Bodyweight-independent dosing of cyclosporine micro-emulsion and three times weekly maintenance regimen in severe psoriasis. A randomised study. Dermatology. 2002;205:383-388.
Wakkee M, Thio HB, Prens EP, et al. Unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles in untreated and treated psoriasis patients. Atherosclerosis. 2007;190:1-9.
Reich K, Gottlieb AB, Kimball A, et al. Consistency of infliximab response across subgroups of patients with psoriasis: integrated results from randomized clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(Suppl 1):AB215.
Weisman MH, Moreland LW, Furst DE, et al. Efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and safety assessment of adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody, in adults with rheumatoid arthritis receiving concomitant methotrexate: a pilot study. Clin Ther. 2003;25:1700-1721.
Papoutsaki M, Chimenti MS, Costanzo A, et al. Adalimumab for severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: an open-label study in 30 patients previously treated with other biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:269-275.
Kragballe K, Sygehus A, Thaci D, et al. Adalimumab plus topical treatment (calcipotriol/betamethasone) in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: response across subgroups in BELIEVE. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(Suppl 1):AB133.
Gordon K, Korman N, Frankel E, et al. Efficacy of etanercept in an integrated multistudy database of patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:S101-111.
Strober B, Gottlieb A, Leonardi C, et al. Levels of response of psoriasis patients with different baseline characteristics treated with etanercept. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(3, Suppl. 1):AB220.
Saurat JH, Unnebrik K, Golblum O, et al. Adalimumab response is consistent across subgroups of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: subanalysis of the CHAMPION study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:AB124.
Esposito M, Mazzotta A, Saraceno R, et al. Influence and variation of the body mass index in patients treated with etanercept for plaque-type psoriasis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009;22:219-225.
De Groot M, Appelman M, Spuls PL, et al. In- tial experience with routine administration of etanercept in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:808-814.
Duarte AA. Moderate to severe psoriasis treated with infliximab-53 patients: patients profile, efficacy and adverse effects. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86:257-263.
Gisondi P, Cotena C, Tessari G, et al. Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy increases body weight in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22:341-344.
Saraceno R, Schipani C, Mazzotta A, et al. Effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies on body mass index in patients with psoriasis. Pharmacol Res. 2008;57:290-295.
Paul C, Cather J, Gooderham M, et al. Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis over 52 weeks: a phase III, randomized con- trolled trial (ESTEEM 2). Br J Dermatol. 2015;173:1387-1399.
Lebwohl M, Yeilding N, Szapary P, et al. Impact of weight on the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: rationale for dosing recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63:571-579.
Martin DA, Towne JE, Kricorian G. The emerging role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: preclinical and clinical findings. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(1):17-26.
Papp KA, Langley RG, Sigurgeirsson B, et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II dose-ranging study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(2):412-421.
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Nov 9, 2018
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How to Cite
Orloff, J. N., Kaminetsky, J. R., & Aziz, M. (2018). Psoriasis and Obesity: A Review of the Current Literature. SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.25251/skin.2.6.4
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In-Depth Reviews
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