Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Chemoprevention of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Main Article Content
Keywords
skin cancer, non-melanoma, NSAID, chemoprevention, studies
Abstract
Skin cancer, which includes melanoma and non-melanoma cancer types (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas), is the most common type of neoplasia worldwide with massive calls for exploring chemoprevention strategies. Research suggests that chronic inflammation is a critical component of cancer progression in which over expression of COX-2 has been reported in many cancer studies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which inhibit COX enzymes have been investigated for skin cancer chemoprevention both in vitro and in vivo. We have searched the association between NSAIDs and non-melanoma skin cancer in Pub-Med and Embase database in particular for animal, cell lines, and human studies. In animal and skin cancer cell line research studies, NSAIDs have been shown to have a chemoprotective role in non-melanoma skin cancer through various reported mechanisms. However, clinical data results with regards to non-melanoma cancer has been controversial due to the absence of large scale randomised clinical trials. To sustain the idea for NSAIDs role as chemo-preventative agents, further robust investigations with large trial number are required in order to consolidate epidemiological findings with the in vitro data results.
References
2. R. L. Siegel, K. D. Miller and A. Jemal, "Cancer statistics, 2016," CA: A cancer journal for clinicians., 2015.
3. J. K. Robinson, "Sun exposure, sun protection, and vitamin D," JAMA, vol. 294, pp. 1541-43., 2005.
4. L. M. Coussens and Z. Werb, "Inflammation and cancer," Nature, vol. 420, no. 6917, pp. 860-867, 2002.
5. E. Shacter and S. A. Weitzman, "Chronic inflammation and cancer," Oncology, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 217-232, 2002.
6. Rakoff-Nahoum, "Why cancer and inflammation," Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, vol. 79, pp. 123-130, 2006.
7. B. Kay and P. Paola, "New Insights into the use of Currently Available Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs," J Pain Res, vol. 8, pp. 105-118, 2015.
8. L. J. Crofford, "Use of NSAIDs in treating patients with arthritis," Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol. 15 Suppl 352, 2013.
9. S. Harirforoosh, W. Asghar and F. Jamali, "Adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal complications," Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 821-847, 2014.
10. M. J. Thun, M. M. Namboodiri and H. C. W. Jr, "Aspirin use and reduced risk of fatal colon cancer," N Engl J Med, vol. 325, p. 1593–6, 1991.
11. E. Giovannucci, E. B. Rimm, M. J. Stampfer, G. A. Colditz, A. Ascherio and W. C. Willett, "Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in male health professionals," Ann Intern Med, vol. 121, p. 241–6., 1994.
12. M. J. Thun, M. M. Namboodiri, E. E. Calle, W. D. Flanders and &. H. C. W, " Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, Calle EE, Flanders WD, et al. Aspirin use and risk of fatal cancer," Cancer Res, vol. 53, p. 1322–7, 1993.
13. S. A. Khuder and A. B. Mutgi, "Breast cancer and NSAID use: a metaanalysis," Br J Cancer, vol. 84, p. 1188–92.
14. A. E. Norrish, R. T. Jackson and M. C. U, "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostate cancer progression," Int J Cancer, vol. 77, pp. 511-5, 1998.
15. J. E. Muscat, S. Q. Chen, J. P. Richie, N. K. Altorki, M. Citron, S. Olson, A. I. Neugut and S. D. Stellman, "Risk of lung carcinoma among users of of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs," Cancer, vol. 97, p. 1732–6., 2003.
16. A. C. Halpern and L. J. Hanson, "Awareness of, knowledge of and attitudes to nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and actinic keratosis (AK) among physicians," International journal of dermatology, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 638-642., 2004.
17. J. e. Reichrath, Sunlight, vitamin D and skin cancer., New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2014.
18. J. K. Kundu and Y. J. Surh, "Inflammation: gearing the journey to cancer," Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, vol. 659, no. 1, pp. 15-30, 2008.
19. F. Marks, G. Furstenberger, G. Neufang and K. Muller-Decker, "Mouse skin as a model for cancer chemoprevention by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs," Recent Results Cancer Res, vol. 163, pp. 46-57, 2003.
20. K. P. An, M. Athar, X. Tang, K. S. K. J. Russo, J. Beech, M. Aszterbaum, L. Kopelovich, E. H. Epstein, H. Mukhtar and D. R. Bickers, "An KP, Athar M, Tang X, Katiyar SK, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in murine and human nonmelanoma skin cancers: implications for therapeutic approaches," Photochem Photobiol, vol. 76, p. 73–80, 2002.
21. S. Y. Buckman, A. Gresham, P. Hale, G. Hruza, J. Anast, J. Masferrer and A. P. Pentland, "COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: implications for the development of skin cancer," Carcinogenesis, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 723-729, 1998.
22. Y. Higashi, T. Kanekura and T. Kanzaki, "Enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 in human skin epidermal cancer cells: Evidence for growth suppression by inhibiting COX‐2 expression," International Journal of Cancer, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 667-671, 2000.
23. A. L. Silvers and G. T. Bowden, "UVA irradiation-induced activation of activator protein-1 is correlated with induced expression of AP-1 family members in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT," Photochem Photobiol, vol. 75, pp. 302-310, 2002.
24. C. W and G. T. Bowden, "Role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases in ultraviolet‐B irradiation–induced activator protein 1 activation in human keratinocytes," Molecular carcinogenesis, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 196-202, 2000 .
25. A. P. Pentland, J. W. Schoggins, G. A. Scott, K. K. N. and R. Han, "Reduction of UV-induced skin tumors in hairless mice by selective COX-2 inhibition," Carcinogenesis, vol. 20, pp. 1939-44, 1999.
26. S. M. Fischer, H. H. Lo, Gordon, G. B, K. Seibert, G. Kelloff, R. A. Lubet and C. J. Conti, "Chemopreventive activity of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, and indomethacin against ultraviolet light–induced skin carcinogenesis.," Molecular carcinogenesis, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 231-240, 1999.
27. I. F. Orengo, J. Gerguis, R. Phillips, A. Guevara, A. T. Lewis and H. S. Black, "Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor as a potential chemopreventive to UV-induced skin cancer: a study in the hairless mouse model," Archives of dermatology, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 751-755, 2002.
28. C. D. Mikulec, J. E. Rundhaug, M. S. Simper, R. A. Lubet and S. M. Fischer, "The chemopreventive efficacies of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the relationship of short-term biomarkers to long-term skin tumor outcome," Cancer Prevention Research, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 675-685, 2013.
29. W. Y. Ma, C. Huang and Z. Dong, "Inhibition of ultraviolet C irradiation-induced AP-1 activity by aspirin is through inhibition of JNKs but not erks or P38 MAP kinase," International journal of oncology, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 565-573., 1998.
30. C. A. Elmets, J. L. Viner, A. P. Pentland, W. Cantrell, H. Y. Lin, H. Bailey, S. Kang, K. G. Linden, M. Heffernan, M. Duvic and E. Richmond, "Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer with celecoxib: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial," J Natl Cancer Inst, vol. 102, pp. 1835-1844, 2010.
31. Y. Zhu, Y. Cheng, R. C. Luo and A. M. Li, "Aspirin for the primary prevention of skin cancer: A meta-analysis," Oncology letters, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1073-1080, 2015.
32. C. Muranushi, C. M. Olsen, A. C. Green and N. Pandeya, "Can oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs play a role in the prevention of basal cell carcinoma? A systematic review and metaanalysis," Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 108-119, 2016.
33. B. Zhang, X. Liang, L. Ye and Y. Wang, "No chemopreventive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on nonmelanoma skin cancer: Evidence from meta-analysis," PloS one, vol. 9, no. 5, p. e96887, 2014.
34. G. Butler, R. Neale, A. C. Green, N. Pandeya and D. C. Whiteman, "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of actinic keratoses and squamous cell cancers of the skin," Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 966-972, 2005.
35. D. Reinau, C. Surber, S. S. Jick and C. R. Meier, "Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer," International Journal of Cancer, vol. 137, no. 1, pp. 144-153, 2015.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY): lets others distribute and copy the article, to create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation), to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), to text or data mine the article, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s), do not represent the author as endorsing their adaptation of the article, and do not modify the article in such a way as to damage the author's honor or reputation.
Authors retain copyright in their work and license the publisher to publish the content. The publisher is the National Society for Cutaneous Medicine, with production and publishing support provided by OJS, Open Journal Systems,see https://pkp.sfu.
Prior to January 2022, authors transferred copyright to the National Society for Cutaneous Medicine. However, all articles are freely available to anyone in the world. There are no subscription fees, page charges, or article processing charges.